To avoid the adverse effects of flood irrigation and border irrigation on greenhouse production, subsurface drip irrigation under plastic mulch is employed. The advantages of this technique are outlined below:
(1)
Subsurface micro-sprinkler Technical irrigation should adhere to the principle of applying small amounts frequently. In addition, when micro-sprinkler tapes are laid beneath plastic mulch close to the crop root zone, the irrigation water is sprayed in a manner similar to rainfall and then reflected back by the mulch, ensuring uniform distribution of moisture within the root-zone soil layer without ponding or runoff. This significantly reduces water loss, while the mulch also minimizes evaporation, thereby achieving substantial water savings.
(2) The application of subsurface micro-sprinkler irrigation technology, combined with concentrated basal and topdressing applications and moderate irrigation that promotes slow soil infiltration, prevents deep leaching of water and nutrients, thereby minimizing losses. This approach facilitates uniform uptake of nutrients and water by crops, enhancing fertilizer efficacy and improving the efficiency of water and nutrient use.
(3) The application of subsurface micro-sprinkler irrigation technology allows for prolonged water delivery. Micro-sprinkler irrigation loosens the soil, reduces its bulk density, and creates optimal soil porosity, thereby preventing soil compaction. In addition, micro-sprinkler irrigation can reduce soil acidification, alkalization, and salinization, creating a favorable soil environment for normal crop growth, promoting crop development, and ultimately achieving higher yields and increased income.
(4) Subsurface micro-sprinkler irrigation technology has low requirements for soil leveling, eliminating the need for land leveling and the creation of furrows or raised beds. Moreover, micro-sprinkler irrigation can be automated or semi-automated, significantly reducing the labor input and physical intensity associated with field irrigation.