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Subsurface Drip Irrigation: A Water-Saving Technical Model for Cotton Cultivation

Release Date:

2021-08-10

Subsurface Drip Irrigation: A Water-Saving Technological Model for Cotton Cultivation (1) Characteristics of the Subsurface Drip Irrigation Model This model combines plastic mulch application with water-saving drip irrigation. Drip irrigation delivers water uniformly and in precise amounts to the root zones where crop water demand is highest, thereby maintaining optimal soil moisture levels. This practical innovation provides thermal insulation to protect seedlings, promotes a loose root–soil structure, ensures timely and appropriate water supply, enhances fertilizer retention, inhibits the spread of pests and diseases, exhibits resistance to salinity and alkalinity, and results in high cotton yield and quality.

Subsurface Drip Irrigation: A Water-Saving Technical Model for Cotton Cultivation

(1) Characteristics of the subsurface drip irrigation system

This model is characterized by the integration of plastic mulch technology with water-saving drip irrigation. Drip irrigation delivers water uniformly and in precise amounts to the root zones where crop water demand is highest, thereby maintaining optimal soil moisture levels. This utility model provides thermal insulation to protect seedlings, promotes a loose root–soil structure, ensures timely and appropriate water supply, enhances fertilizer retention, prevents the spread of pests and diseases, exhibits resistance to salinity, alkalinity, and soil compaction, and results in high cotton yield and quality.

(2) Key Points of Subsurface Drip Irrigation

1) Engineering measures: Pipeline water conveyance is required, with a certain head pressure at the supply point (10–25 meters of water head), and the water, which often contains substantial sediment, must be filtered. Currently in Xinjiang, centrifugal filters and mesh filters are used in combination: the centrifugal filter is installed upstream to remove coarse sediments, while the mesh filter is placed downstream to capture finer sand; after filtration, the water is conveyed through the pipeline system. The pipeline network consists primarily of main lines, lateral lines, and auxiliary lines, with the main lines buried underground for a service life of 20–30 years, and the lateral and auxiliary lines laid on the surface for 5–8 years. The main lines (drip irrigation tapes) are used throughout the entire growing season of a single crop and are replaced annually (except for subsurface drip irrigation). At present, in Xinjiang, emitter spacing on water delivery pipes is typically 30 cm, with pipe spacing ranging from 30 to 60 cm. For subsurface drip irrigation, single-wing labyrinth-type drip tapes are commonly employed.

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2) Water-saving agricultural practices: In Xinjiang, sowing typically takes place in early to mid-April each year, though late sowing is sometimes employed to avoid the “cold spring” period. Sowing is fully mechanized, with seeding, band laying, and plastic mulching completed in a single operation. The theoretical plant density is 1,800–2,400 plants per mu, while the actual seedling density generally ranges from 12,000 to 18,000 plants per mu. The use of plastic mulch effectively isolates the soil beneath the mulch from the air above, thereby reducing evaporation without impeding solar radiation absorption and helping to maintain soil temperature. At the same time, because drip irrigation under the mulch results in relatively low moisture loss from the cotton root zone, the exposed soil between the two layers of mulch experiences vigorous evaporation, which leaches salts out of the soil and beyond the mulch boundary, thus playing a role in ameliorating saline–alkali soils.

Cotton planting patterns typically include wide rows of 40–60 cm and narrow rows of 10–20 cm; for mechanically harvested cotton, the row configuration is usually 10+66+10 cm. Because drip irrigation laterals are mostly laid between the rows, cotton plants closer to the drip tape exhibit better growth, while those farther away show poorer development, resulting in alternating high- and low-growing rows. The ultra-wide-row film mulching system (with six rows per section—three narrow and two wide) can to some extent mitigate this effect.

Hebei Runtian Water-Saving Equipment Co., Ltd. is an integrated enterprise specializing in the research, development, production, sales, and engineering installation of plastic irrigation products. The company manufactures water-saving irrigation equipment, with key product lines including drip irrigation tubing, PE flexible tape, automated drip irrigation systems, ground-insert micro-sprinklers, suspended micro-sprinklers, field micro-sprinkler tapes, sprinkler tapes, fruit-tree drip irrigation systems, intelligent fertilizer applicators, large-field sprinkler systems, and subsurface drip irrigation systems—offering a comprehensive range of complete equipment packages. Adhering to a people-oriented approach and a commitment to continuous innovation, the company has established a new business philosophy centered on promoting water-saving irrigation equipment and technologies tailored to China’s national conditions. It strives to expand both domestic and international markets, enhance its service framework, and steadily grow and strengthen its marketing network. We welcome inquiries and discussions.

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